(last revised July 16, 2013)

• Running the Emulation
  • How to run the Apollo emulation
  • How to run config
  • How to run calendar
  • How to run salvol
  • How to run dex
  • How to run Domain/OS in the DN3x00 emulation
  • How to run Domain/OS in the DSP3x00 emulation

• MESS Basics
  • How to stop the emulation
  • How to reset the emulation
  • How to restart the emulation
  • How to suspend the emulation
  • How to ungrab the mouse

• Configuration
  • MESS Options
  • Service Mode/Normal Mode
  • Apollo Driver Configuration
  • Keyboard Mapping
  • How to emulate the German Apollo keyboard
  • How to run Domain/OS on a small screen
  • How to set the MESS Network Interface

• Software Installation
  • How to setup the boot ROMs
  • How to setup the netserver directory tree
  • How to install Domain/OS SR10.4 in a new disk image file
  • How to create a new disk image file
  • How to use multiple cartridge tape images

• Administration
  • How to change the Apollo node id
  • How to create the registry in Domain/OS
  • How to start TCP/IP in Domain/OS
  • How to set the network capabilities (Linux)
  • How to use the MESS Network Device (Linux)
  • How to use the MESS Network Device (Mac OS X)
  • How to setup Apollo Domain Networking (Linux)

• Creating Image Files on a real Apollo
  • How to create a floppy disk image
  • How to create a cartridge tape image
  • How to create a Winchester disk image

Note: This manual only covers MESS features essential for running the Apollo emulation. See also the MESS User's Manual for a full description of all MESS features.

MESS will emulate one of the following Apollo workstations and servers:

To run an emulation start MESS with one system and additional command line options, e.g.

$ ./mess dn3500 -mouse -log -disk1 <pathname>.awd -flop <pathname>.afd

Useful command line options:

Notes:

• The boot ROMs must have been setup, before the Apollo emulation may be run (see below).
• Make sure you understand how to ungrab the mouse before runnung MESS with option mouse (see below)
• The DN3x00 emulation may be run without option -mouse (i.e. without grabbing the mouse), if you are willing to move the cursor with the arrow keys of the keyboard (works quite good, once you get used to it)
• DN3x00 is being used as shorthand for DN3000 or DN3500 or DN5500; same for DSP3x00

See also the MESS User's Manual.

The Apollo emulation should be configured for proper operation.

To run config

• switch the Apollo emulation into Service Mode (see below) and reset or restart the emulation
• press Return (in the MESS window or in the Terminal window) until the MD version and prompt (“>”) are shown
• enter ex config and wait
• the current configuration will be shown; expect something similar to:

Config - Offline(7), revision 10.4, December 2, 1991  7:29:50 pm

       Current configuration

Memory:
       Board #  Size in megabytes
            1              4
            2              4
            3              4
            4              4
       Total configured memory: 16 megabytes

Node-id:       12345
Display type: DISP8D -- 1024x800 monochrome display 
Peripheral devices: 
       FPU5 -- MC68881/MC68882
       FLP7 -- Floppy disk
       WINCHESTER CONTROLLER TYPE --  SMS/Omti                       
          WIN7 -- Winchester (controller 0  unit 0):  380MB--FA                
       CTAPE7 -- Cartridge Tape (QIC-II)
       ETH802.3_AT -- 802.3 Network Controller-AT (unit 0)

       Principal network: ETH802.3_AT -- 802.3 Network Controller-AT (unit 0)


Would you like to reconfigure this node (Y/N)?

• enter n to quit or y to modify the configuration; the configuration will be saved in the NVRAM of the emulation.

If the Winchester disk image hasn't been used for some time (14 days), it may be necessary to run calendar.

To run calendar

• switch the Apollo emulation into Service Mode (see below) and reset or restart the emulation
• press Return (in the MESS window or in the Terminal window) until the MD version and prompt (“>”) are shown
• enter ex calendar and wait
• enter w to select the Winchester disk
• check and eventually change the timezone
• check and eventually change date and time
• confirm questions as appropriate and wait for the MD prompt to reappear

If Domain/OS has crashed or has been aborted, it may be necessary to salvage the disk.

To run salvol

• switch the Apollo emulation into Service Mode (see below) and reset or restart the emulation
• press Return (in the MESS window or in the Terminal window) until the MD version and prompt (“>”) are shown
• enter ex salvol and wait
• enter w to select the Winchester disk
• enter return to start salvaging of logical volume 1 with default options
• confirm Anything more to do? with n and wait for the MD prompt to reappear

The Diagnostic EXecutive (dex) is a comprehensive diagnostic control system for diagnostic products in the offline environment.

To run dex

• switch the Apollo emulation into Service Mode and set all other Driver Configuration values to Off (see below)
• reset or restart the emulation
• press Return until the MD version and prompt (“>”) are shown (in MESS window or in Terminal window)
• enter ex dex and wait
• enter help for more info
• enter auto for full test (confirm errors with C or N); expect the following tests to fail
  • mem.dex Test 140: Parity Checker Test (emulation won't allow more the 40 parity error tests)
  • cpu.dex Test 302: SIO keyboard port test (behavior is ok for DSP3x00, run test with option -nokb)
  • disp.dex Test 20: Video SYNC Gen. Add. Test (not emulated for Monochrome graphics)
  • win.dex Test 103: Format Bad Track Test (not emulated)
  • fpu.dex Test 2: General Instruction (many FPU operations and operands are not yet emulated)

• start the MESS emulation for dn3500 or dn3000 (resp. dn3500_19i or dn3000_19i) with option -mouse
• make sure you understand how to ungrab the mouse (see below)
• if Apollo emulation has been set to Normal Mode Domain/OS will boot without user intervention
• if Apollo emulation has been set to Service Mode perform the following steps
  • in the MESS window press Return until the MD version and prompt (“>”) are shown
  • enter ex aegis (or ex domain_os) and wait until the bootshell prompt “)” appears
  • enter go to load as in normal mode (or help for more info)
• wait until the DM has been started and the DM screen is shown
• login as user user with empty password (or -apollo- if the registry already has been created)
• wait for the first pad to appear and then enter shell commands …
• see below for the mapping of the Apollo keyboard keys to the PC keyboard function keys
• to logout press key [F1] to move the cursor into the command window and enter lo
• to shutdown Domain/OS press key [F1] to move the cursor into the command window and enter shut

• start the MESS emulation for dsp3500 or dsp3000 (w/o option -mouse)
• if Apollo emulation has been set to Normal Mode Domain/OS will boot without user intervention
• if Apollo emulation has been set to Service Mode perform the following steps
  • in MESS window or in Terminal window press Return until the MD version and prompt (“>”) are shown
  • enter ex aegis (or ex domain_os) and wait until the bootshell prompt “)” appears
  • enter go to load as in normal mode (or help for more info)
• wait until SPM and MBX Helper have been started
• enter sh to start the login shell (or help for more info)
• login as user user with empty password (or -apollo- if the registry already has been created)
• wait for the shell prompt “$” and then enter shell commands …
• enter exit as shell command to logout
• enter shut to shutdown Domain/OS

• in the MESS window press [ScrLock] to switch your keyboard in partial emulation mode
• press [Esc] to stop the emulation

See also the MESS User's Manual.

• in the MESS window press [ScrLock] to switch your keyboard in partial emulation mode
• press [F3] to reset the emulation

See also the MESS User's Manual.

• stop the emulation (see before) and restart the emulation from the command line, or
• in the MESS window press [ScrLock] to switch your keyboard in partial emulation mode
• press [Shift] and [F3] to restart the emulation

See also the MESS User's Manual.

• in the MESS window press [ScrLock] to switch your keyboard in partial emulation mode
• press button [P] to pause the emulation
• press button [P] once again to resume the emulation
• eventually delete the extra character p in the emulation
• eventually press [ScrLock] to switch your keyboard back to fully emulated keyboard mode

See also the MESS User's Manual.

If the emulation has been started with option -mouse, the mouse will be grabbed as long as the emulation is running.

Suspend the emulation (see before) to ungrab the mouse. The mouse will be grabbed again, if the emulation is resumed (see before).

Be sure to set the following options in mess.ini or as command line option

If file mess.ini does not yet exist, run the following command to create a new mess.ini file with default configuration settings:

./mess -createconfig

See also the MESS User's Manual.

To switch the Apollo emulation between Service Mode and Normal Mode

• open the Apollo Driver Configuration menu (see below)
• select and change the value of entry Service/Normal
• close the menus and reset the emulation (see before)

To check or modify the Apollo Driver Configuration

• start the emulation for DN3500, DN3000, DSP3500 or DSP3000
• in the MESS window press [ScrLock] to switch your keyboard in partial emulation mode
• press [Tab] to enter the Internal User Interface
• press [Cursor Down] twice to select Driver Configuration and press [Return] to open the Driver Configuration menu
• the Apollo Driver Configuration menu has the following entries

• press [Cursor Down] or [Cursor Up] to select the proper menu entry
• press [Cursor Right] or [Cursor Left] to select the proper value
• press button [Tab] to close the menu
• press button [F3] to restart the emulation using the new settings
• press [ScrLock] to switch your keyboard back to in full emulation mode

Notes:

• the new Driver Configuration setting won't be used unless the emulation has been reset or restarted
• each system (i.e. DN3500, DN3000, DSP3500 or DSP3000) has its own Driver Configuration settings
• Warning: entering character p in partial emulation mode will pause (i.e. freeze) the emulation (e.g. for “r cpu”)
• See also the MESS User's Manual.

The additional special keys of the Apollo keyboard are mapped to the function keys (and some other keys) of the PC keyboard.

Set Num Lock to use the Function keys F1 - F9 and F10 = F0 without Apollo mapping.

Cursor keys and Pad scroll keys have been mapped to the numeric keypad too.

The Multinational Apollo keyboard has some additional keys, a slightly modified layout and some different key labels. To emulate the German Apollo keyboard

• use a German PC keyboard at your Linux system
• verify that the file keymaps/km-de.txt exists (a copy of mess/src/osd/sdl/keymaps/km-de.txt)
• in keymaps/km-de.txt the entry for ITEM_ID_EQUALS may have to be changed to:

ITEM_ID_EQUALS SDLK_WORLD_20 0x15 0xdf '

• verify and evenutally correct the following two entries in mess.ini:

keymap      1
keymap_file keymaps/km-de.txt

• in the MESS Apollo emulation set the Apollo Driver Configuration German Keyboard to ON and restart the emulation (see before)
• in DM pads use the left ALT key (or Shift/ALT) to select national characters
• Note: the MD and the standalone utilities expect a US keyboard (Y and Z must be swapped, other keys may have to be estimated)

Key mapping (German Keyboard):

Note: in table read I as |

The Apollo emulation expects a screen size of 1024×800 pixel (for dn3000 and dn3500) resp. 1280×1024 pixel (for dn3000_19i and dn3500_19i) plus around 100 more pixel vertical to display the keyboard mapping, LEDs and the window manager title line.

If your host PC has one of the following screen sizes

• WXGA Screen (1280×800)
• XGA Screen (1024×768)
• SXGA Screen (1280×1024)

it may be preferable to run the emulation in full-screen mode and to select an appropriate view without keyboard mapping and LED display.

To run the emulation in fullscreen mode set option window in mess.ini to 0 or run the emulation with option -nowindow.

To select the appropriate view from the command line run MESS with option -view, e.g.

To configure the appropriate view

• start the emulation for dn3x00 resp. dn3x00_19i
• in the MESS window press [ScrLock] to switch your keyboard in partial emulation mode
• press [Tab] to enter the Internal User Interface
• press [Cursor Down] to select Video Options and press [Return] to open the Video Options menu
• for dn3x00 select WXGA or XGA from the options:
  • Apollo (1024×800)
  • WXGA Screen (1280×800)
  • XGA Screen (1024×768)
• for dn3x00_19i select SXGA from the options:
  • Apollo 19” Monochrome
  • SXGA Screen (1280×1024)
• press [Return] to select the entry
• press [Tab] to close the menu
• press [ScrLock] to switch your keyboard back to in full emulation mode
• start Domain/OS and check the display

If MESS has been build with option USE_NETWORK=1 the network interface may be verified and changed.

To verify or change the network interface

• start MESS for the Apollo emulation
• in the MESS window press [ScrLock] to switch your keyboard in partial emulation mode
• press [Tab] to enter the Internal User Interface
• press [Cursor Down] to select “Network Devices” and press [Return] to open the Network Devices menu
• the Network Devices menu has only one entry
• press [Cursor Right] or [Cursor Left] to select the appropriate network interface for network device 3C505 (e.g. tap-mess-…-0 for Linux or en0 for Mac OS X)
• press button [Tab] to close the menu
• press [ScrLock] to switch your keyboard back to in full emulation mode
• eventually restart the emulation

The boot ROM images for the Apollo emulation reside either in the zip file apollo/roms/dn3500.zip or in the directory apollo/roms/dn3500 (if rompath is set to apollo/roms in mess.ini).

• make directory apollo/roms/dn3500
• copy the following files from http://www.bitsavers.org/bits/Apollo/firmware to apollo/roms/dn3500:
  • 3500_BOOT_12191_7.bin
  • 3000_BOOT_8475_7.bin
  • 3000_3C505_010728-00.bin
  • 5500_BOOT_A1631-80046_1-30-92.bin
• and create the zip file with

$ (cd apollo/roms/dn3500 && zip -r ../dn3500.zip *)

• or (if no zip file shall be used) convert the file names in apollo/roms/dn3500 to lowercase, i.e.
  • 3500_boot_12191_7.bin
  • 3000_boot_8475_7.bin
  • 3000_3c505_010728-00.bin
  • 5500_boot_a1631-80046_1-30-92.bin

• use the following commands to backup the necessary files on your Apollo workstation:

# cd /
# tar cf /tmp/netserver-files.tar sau7 sau8 sau14 sau_sys sys/net/netboot sysboot

• copy the backup file /tmp/netserver-files.tar to your Linux system (e.g. with rcp)
• on your Linux system, create the directory apollo/roms/apollo and untar the files, i.e.

$ cd <your emulation directory>
$ mkdir -p apollo/roms/apollo
$ (cd apollo/roms/apollo && tar xf /tmp/netserver-files.tar)

• start the DN3x00 emulation in service mode and try the following commands in the MD

> di e
> ld
> ex config

Notes:

• the netserver path name apollo/roms/apollo depends on option rompath (e.g. in mess.ini); the trailing directory name apollo is (still) hardcoded in the emulator sources
• the Domain/OS version of the files in apollo/netserver doesn't matter
• any other backup file (e.g. any ancient wbak file) may be expanded in apollo/roms/apollo

Note: cartridge tape access is very slow, be patient when executing software from cartridge tape

• get the installation cartridge tape images for Domain/OS SR10.4 (e.g. from http://bitsavers.org/bits/Apollo/SR10.4)
• gunzip the tape image files (if necessary)

$ ls -log /tmp/*.ct
-r--r--r-- 1 53678592 Feb 20  2005 /tmp/019593-001.CRTG_STD_SFW_BOOT_1-REV.A.ct
-r--r--r-- 1 58403328 Feb 20  2005 /tmp/019594-001.CRTG_STD_SFW_1.ct
-r--r--r-- 1 61564928 Feb 20  2005 /tmp/019594-002.CRTG_STD_SFW_2.ct
-r--r--r-- 1 56568320 Feb 20  2005 /tmp/019594-003.CRTG_STD_SFW_3.ct
-r--r--r-- 1 57844224 Feb 20  2005 /tmp/019594-004.CRTG_STD_SFW_4.ct
$

• start the emulation with a non-existing disk image file and the boot tape image, e.g.

$ rm -f  /tmp/dn3500_sr10.4.awd
$ ./mess dn3500 -mouse -disk1 /tmp/dn3500_sr10.4.awd -ctape /tmp/019593-001.CRTG_STD_SFW_BOOT_1-REV.A.ct 

• Note: the mouse will be grabbed; make sure you understand how to ungrab the mouse (see before)
• open the Apollo Driver Configuration window and set option 20 Years Ago … to On and reset or restart the emulation
• run invol from the boot tape image with options
  • 7 - initialize physical badspot list,
  • 1 - initialize virgin physical volume and
  • 8 - create or modify an os paging file.

> re
> di c
> ex invol

• run calendar from the boot tape image to set the timezone and check date and time on the disk image file

> re
> di c
> ex calendar

• run domain_os to start the installation from the boot tape image

> re
> di c
> ex domain_os
 :
Restore complete.
Apollo Phase II Environment   Revision 10.4 RBAK version  Jan 25, 1992  12:58:22 pm

) go

• enter sh to start a login shell (DSP3x00 only), login with name user and empty password and run minst

sh
login: user
Password: 
$ /install/tools/minst

• MINST can be run in either of two modes; select Novice mode if unsure
• select default for all other questions
• select the appropriate cartridge tape image file, e.g. /tmp/019594-001.CRTG_STD_SFW_1.ct (see How to use multiple cartridge tape images)
• proceed for all 4 cartridge tape image files
• MINST will ask to select a template; enter 11 (i.e. large) to install all
• MINST may ask Do you wish to select Domain/OS version 10.4 or quit from minst?; confirm with s to install Domain/OS
• if installation is done, enter shut in the command window to shutdown (resp. CTRL/D and then shut for DSP3500)
• stop the emulation and save a copy of the new disk image file (gzipped image file will be ~70 MB)
• proceed with
  1. How to create the registry in Domain/OS
  2. How to start TCP/IP in Domain/OS
  3. How to set the network capabilities (Linux)

see also

• http://bitsavers.org/pdf/apollo/008860-A03_Installing_DOMAIN_Software_Mar92.pdf
• http://www.hunkler.com/aegis.htm

• to create a new 348 MB disk image file start the emulation with a non-existing disk image file

$ rm -f /tmp/new_disk.awd
$ ./mess dn3500 -disk1 /tmp/new_disk.awd ...

• to create a new 156 MB disk image file start the emulation with an empty disk image file

$ rm -f /tmp/new_disk.awd
$ touch /tmp/new_disk.awd
$ ./mess dn3500 -disk1 /tmp/new_disk.awd ...

• open the Apollo Driver Configuration window and set option 20 Years Ago … to On and reset or restart the emulation

• execute invol (from net, disk, ctape or floppy)
  • for SR10.2 run options
    • 1 - initialize virgin physical volume (will fail, never mind),
    • 7 - initialize physical badspot list,
    • 9 - add to existing badspot list (don't add any entries),
    • 1 - initialize virgin physical volume (once again, will now succeed) and
    • 8 - create or modify an os paging file.
  • for SR10.3 or SR10.4 run options
    • 7 - initialize physical badspot list,
    • 1 - initialize virgin physical volume and
    • 8 - create or modify an os paging file.

• quit invol, stop the emulation, verify the size of the new disk file image and eventually save a copy (gzipped image file will be ~ 400 kB).

To select a different cartridge tape image while the emulation is running

• if changing the cartridge tape is not requested by software, enter
  • “rbak -dev ct -rewind” in Domain/OS or
  • “RE” in the MD to deselect the current tape image
• in the MESS window press [ScrLock] to switch your keyboard in partial emulation mode
• press [Tab] to enter the Internal User Interface
• select the File Manager and press Return
• select Cartridge Tape and press Return
• select the appropriate file and press Return
• close the menu

The node id of the Apollo emulation will be be taken from the logical volume label of the first logical disk volume, if option Node ID from Disk has been set in the Apollo configuration (see before). Otherwise the node id will default to 12345.

To change the node id of the Apollo emulation

1. the option Node ID from Disk must be set in the Apollo configuration
2. the node id of the Apollo disk image must be changed

To change the node id of the Apollo disk image

• start the emulation with a copy of the disk image file
• switch the Apollo emulation into Service Mode and reset or restart the emulation
• press Return (in the MESS window or in the Terminal window) until the MD version and prompt (“>”) are shown
• enter ex chuvol and wait
• enter w to select the disk
• enter the new node id
• confirm the value to be used as “original” node id and wait until chuvol is done
• confirm Anything more to do? with n and wait for the MD prompt to reappear
• if the registry already has been created(see below), restart the emulation, start Domain/OS and fix the registry
  • make sure that rgyd is not running (use ps and kill command, if neccessary)
  • start rgyd with the new node id

    $ /etc/server -p /etc/rgyd -restore_master&

• remove the old registry

    $ /etc/rgy_admin
              Default object: rgy  default host: dds://dn3500
              State: in service  master  replica list is writable
    rgy_admin: lrep -state
              dds:#0.12345      *** not communicating ***       
    (master)  dds://dn3500      state: in service        2012/04/20.09:35:38    
    rgy_admin: delrep dds:#0.12345 -force
    rgy_admin: quit

• stop the emulation and eventually save a copy of the disk image file
• use this disk image file to run the Apollo emulation with the chosen node id

After installing Domain/OS SR10

• login as user with empty password and start the local location broker (a.k.a RPC daemon)

$ touch /etc/daemons/llbd

• reboot, login as user with empty password and start the global location broker (first time)

$ /etc/server /etc/ncs/glbd -create -first -family dds -listen dds &
$ touch /etc/daemons/glbd

• reboot, login as user with empty password and create the registry

$ /install/tools/rgy_create 
$ touch /etc/daemons/rgyd

• reboot and log-in as root with password -apollo-

Before proceeding see also

• How to set the network capabilities (Linux)
• How to use the MESS Network Device (Linux) or How to use the MESS Network Device (Mac OS X)

Note: The following assumes that linux1 is the hostname of the Linux PC where the emulation is running and linux2 is the hostname of a second Linux PC connected with Ethernet to linux1.

• start the Apollo emulation and log in as user root (with password -apollo-)
• check and eventually set or change the node name (e.g. to dn3500)

# /etc/lcnode
# /etc/uctnode node_12345
# /etc/ctnode dn3500 12345
# /etc/lcnode

• setup to start the TCP daemons

# touch /etc/daemons/tcpd
# touch /etc/daemons/inetd 
# touch /etc/daemons/syslogd

• setup /etc/hosts for your Apollo node dn3500 and the Linux PCs:

# cat /etc/hosts 
127.0.0.1       localhost
192.168.2.30    dn3500
192.168.2.99    linux1
192.168.2.25    linux2

• add the Linux PCs to ~/.rhosts (substitute user ost with your Linux user name):

# echo "linux1 root" >>.rhosts
# echo "linux2 root" >>.rhosts
# echo "linux1 ost" >>.rhosts
# echo "linux2 ost" >>.rhosts
# chown root .rhosts
# chmod 600 .rhosts

• check that pseudo ttys exit; if not create them:

# ls -l /dev/ttyp*
# /etc/mkdev /dev pty

• add some pseudo ttys to /etc/ttys

# echo "ttyp0 none dumb off secure" >> /etc/ttys 
# echo "ttyp1 none dumb off secure" >> /etc/ttys

• reboot Domain/OS, log-in as user (with password -apollo-) and check networking

$ netstat -i
$ netstat -a
$ /etc/ping linux1 100 5

• at the Linux PCs
  • login as user root
  • eventually install package rsh
  • enter the commands (with password -apollo-)

$ ping 192.168.2.30
$ rlogin 192.168.2.30 -l root
$ rcp /etc/hosts root@192.168.2.30:/tmp/hosts_from_linux
$ rsh 192.168.2.30 -l root ls -l /tmp/hosts_from_linux

To access the Ethernet interface eth0 or the TUN/TAP interface of the Linux host, MESS must be either run as root (not recommended) or the network capabilities must be set for MESS.

To set the network capabilities for MESS in openSUSE 12.3:

• install libpcap1-1.3.0
• install libcap-progs-2.22
• add the following boot parameter (in /boot/grub/menu.lst) and reboot Linux:

file_caps=1

• set and check capabilities

# setcap cap_net_raw,cap_net_admin=eip mess
$ /sbin/getcap mess
mess = cap_net_admin,cap_net_raw+eip

• run MESS with option -log and verify that the file error.log does NOT contain the following line

... 3c505: apollo_eth_init: Operation not permitted - Ethernet access disabled

• for Ubuntu the following may work (refer to http://ubuntuforums.org/archive/index.php/t-1420930.html)

$ sudo apt-get install libcap2-bin 
$ sudo setcap cap_net_raw,cap_net_admin+eip mess
$ sudo getcap mess

On a Linux host the MESS Network Device provides Ethernet networking between the MESS Apollo emulation and the host PC.

To build MESS with Network Device run make with USE_NETWORK=1, i.e.

$ make clean all TARGET=mess USE_NETWORK=1 

To run MESS with Network Device

• set the network capabilities for MESS (see before)
• configure TCP/IP in Domain/OS (see before)
• check man page of tunctl in Linux
• create and manage the TUN/TAP interface in Linux (as root)

# MESS_USER=ost ;# replace ost with your Linux user name
# MESS_UID=2021 ;# replace 2021 with your Linux user id
# TAP=tap-mess-$MESS_UID-0
# /sbin/tunctl -d $TAP         
# /sbin/tunctl -u $MESS_USER -t $TAP          
# /sbin/ifconfig $TAP 192.168.2.99 up
# /sbin/route add -host 192.168.2.30 dev $TAP 
# /sbin/arp -Ds 192.168.2.30 $TAP pub
# /bin/sh -c "echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/$TAP/proxy_arp"

• verify that the Network Device is set to tap-mess-…-0 (see before)
• restart MESS for the Apollo emulation and execute Domain/OS
• test ping from the Apollo emulation to the Linux host PC (and vice versa)
• test rlogin, rcp and rsh from the Linux host PC to the Apollo emulation

On a Mac OS X host the MESS Network Device provides Ethernet networking between the MESS Apollo emulation and other Mac, PCs or e.g. Apollo Worlstations.

To build MESS with Network Device run make with USE_NETWORK=1, i.e.

$ make clean all TARGET=mess USE_NETWORK=1 

To run MESS with Network Device

• configure TCP/IP in Domain/OS (see before)
• verify that the Network Device is set to the proper interface (e.g. en0, see before)
• restart MESS for the Apollo emulation and execute Domain/OS
• test ping from the Apollo emulation to some other Mac, Linux PC or Apollo Workstation (and vice versa)
• test rlogin, rcp and rsh from a second Mac or Linux PC to the Apollo emulation

Notes:

• MESS probably must be run as root to use the Network Device (not recommended)
• A tap/tun device for Mac OS X exists at http://tuntaposx.sourceforge.net/
• Using this tap/tun device might provide Ethernet networking between the MESS Apollo emulation and the MESS host Mac (untested!).
• On a Mac OS X host the MESS Network Device may be used for Apollo Domain Networking (untested)

The MESS Apollo emulation may be setup to provide full Apollo Domain services to all Apollo nodes connected to the Ethernet interface eth0 of the MESS host PC.

This feature uses some non-portable and unsupported code which will currently work only for a MESS host PC with Linux.

To build MESS with Ethernet network interface access find the following line in file src/mess/includes/apollo.h

//#define APOLLO_FOR_LINUX

carefully read the preceeding comments, uncommment the line and rebuild MESS (eventually with USE_NETWORK=1), i.e.

$ make clean all TARGET=mess USE_NETWORK=1 

Connect the Ethernet cable from the Apollo workstation(s) to the Ethernet connector of the MESS host PC, set the network capabilities (see before), start the MESS Apollo emulation and verify the Domain Networking operation with the lcnode command:

$ /com/lcnode
 
The node ID of this node is 12345.
1 other node responded.
 
Node ID      Boot time           Current time         Entry Directory

12345   1993/05/12 16:25:08   1993/05/12 16:30:34  //dn3500
1AEA5   1993/05/12 16:21:10   1993/05/12 16:30:33  *** node not catalogued ***

$ /com/ctnode -update
$ /com/lvolfs 1AEA5

  # free   # total   % free         node id  entry directory
   80752    329388       25           1AEA5   //zorro
$

Notes:

• a second Linux PC running the MESS Apollo emulation (with a different node id) maybe used instead of a real Apollo workstation to create a Domain network.
• an HP Apollo 9000 Series 400 may be used instead of (resp. additional to) Apollo workstations

On a DN3x00 with a floppy disk drive (and ethernet controller):

• invol floppy (and run calendar)
• mount floppy (mtvol f)
• add files and directories as needed
• unmount floppy (dmtvol f)
• copy floppy to a disk image file (e.g. /tmp/floppy.afd) with:

$ /bin/cp /dev/dsk/F0d0s1 /tmp/floppy.afd

• copy the disk image file (i.e. /tmp/floppy.afd) with rcp to your Linux system

Notes:

• suffix .afd is suggested (for Apollo Floppy Disk)
• /systest/ssr_util/cpflp should work as well, but has not been tested.
• the following command can be used to create a new floppy disk image file on a Unix system:

$ dd if=/dev/zero of=/tmp/floppy.afd ibs=16384 count=77

On an Apollo DN3x00 with a cartridge tape drive

• read file /systest/ssr_util/cptape.hlp
• insert your (write-protected!) cartridge into the cartridge tape drive
• make sure that you have 60 MB free space
• enter the following command to create a tape image file (e.g. in /tmp/tape.act)

$ /systest/ssr_util/cptape -r /tmp/tape.act

• copy the tape image file to your Linux system and run MESS with option -ct /tmp/tape.act

To create a cartridge tape image using the MESS Apollo emulator, start the emulator with a non-existing tape image file, e.g.

$ ./mess dn3500 -disk1 <pathname>.awd -ct /tmp/new_tape.act

• boot Domain/OS, login as root and run the following commands to save e.g. /sau7 into the tape image file

# cpboot /sys -dev ct
# wbak -dev ct -f 1 -sysboot /sau7
# rbak -dev ct -f 1 -index -all

• shutdown Domain/OS and save a copy of the cartridge tape image file

Notes:

• suffix .act is suggested (for Apollo Cartridge Tape)
• For older cartridges the tension belt inside the cartridge tends to break or start slipping nowadays - hopefully your cartridge tapes are still readable.

You need two Apollo Workstations to create a Winchester disk image:

• an Apollo DN3x00 (apollo1) with a 156 MB or 348 MB Winchester disk drive to be copied; the disk drive must have no bad blocks.
• an Apollo workstation or a server (apollo2) with 200 MB (resp. 400 MB) free disk space and an ethernet controller

Steps:

• boot the Apollo DN3x00 (apollo1) diskless from apollo2
• if the Winchester disk drive has not yet the desired files,
  • invol the disk drive (and run calendar)
  • mount the disk drive (mtvol w)
  • add files and directories as needed
  • unmount the disk drive (dmtvol w)
• eventually salvol the disk drive (to be sure that you have a perfect image)
• copy disk drive data to a disk image file (e.g. /tmp/disk.img) with:

$ /bin/cp /dev/dsk/W0d0s1 /tmp/disk.img

• for a 156 MB disk this will take around 1 hour; /tmp/disk.img resides on apollo2
• copy the disk image file with rcp from apollo2 to your Linux system (on apollo2 the file is /sys/node_data.xxxxx/tmp/disk.img)
• on the Linux system add the block headers to the disk image files with a java program:

$ java -jar fixHeader.jar /tmp/disk.img /tmp/disk.awd

• consider to save a write protected and gzipped copy of /tmp/disk.img and/or /tmp/disk.awd in a save place.

Notes:

• suffix .awd is suggested (for Apollo Winchester Disk)
• /bin/cp /dev/dsk/W0d0s1 … will abort on the first bad disk block; you need a disk without any bad blocks
• if /bin/cp fails because of bad clock dd with options bs=1024 conv=noerror,sync will fail as well (bsd4.3 and sys5.3)
• running fbs on a disk with bad blocks seems to make the disk readable with cp or dd (even if the disk has bad blocks)
• a disk image tool may be provided in the future, which will copy disk header blocks too and which will handle bad blocks
• the disk image of a Micropolis or Maxtor 348 MB disk drive may now be used as well